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Monday, October 26, 2009

Explicit rules, tacit rules, and metalanguages

We can only attribute intentional states incorrigibly to an honest and competent interlocutor.  All other attributions of intention are corrigible (Kripke).

If I am theorising about a language, I am hypothesising about rule following - I am attributing intentional states to the users of the language.  If I do this in a 'meta-language' which I do not share with the users of the object language, then my attributions are always corrigible - I can never be sure they aren't quadding.

The only sense we can make of the idea of a tacit rule, is that it is a rule which can be stated in a meta-language.  Tacit rules, therefore, can only be identified provisionally (they are like hypotheses from behaviour).  If I make a tacit rule of my language explicit, however, this ambiguity disappears.  Between interlocutors, the possibility that I may not be stating the rule I appear to be stating is incoherent.

If we think of the rules of logic as being like the tacit rules of a possible language, we can see that the statement of these rules in a meta-language can only be provisional.

But if we state a tacit rule in the object language we do something to the language:  we render the provisional definite.  This must change the tacit rules of the language - it must change the way it can be described in the meta-language.

An accumulation of changes like this will produce a game very unlike the game we are presently playing.  If it can be 'translated' into the game we are presently playing, then the rule changes must, in a a sense, be trivial.  if it can't, we have no grounds for calling it a language.

But we can only show this by explicating the rules, and by changing the game ...

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